There are few things better than curling up on the sofa and watching an award-winning film. A winner of the Palme d’Or at Cannes, an independent film shot in Spain or Russia… And films like this often have subtitles, or captions. The terms are often used interchangeably, giving rise to a lot of confusion. So what exactly is the difference between the two?
Well, subtitles are used essentially as a  translation of what is said by the narrative voice, or the speakers on-screen. So for a French film, for example, if the characters are speaking in French, then this might mean that the subtitles would appear in English at the base of the screen. (Of course the subtitles could be going from any language into any other language.) They are frequently subtitled into the most widely spoken languages though, of course.
Closed captions, on the other hand, are something entirely different. They are designed for people who are deaf or hard of hearing and assume someone cannot hear the audio. They contain not only dialogue, but also descriptions of non-speech elements too. They may include descriptions of sounds, such as music, cars revving or glass breaking for example. The conventions followed for closed captions are not exactly the same as for subtitles and require a slightly different set of skills.
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